对于老年人来说最担心的就是突发脑溢血或者是心脏病，这两种突发疾病大大威胁着老年朋友的生命安全，对于有老年人，特别是老人本来就有三高，或者心脏病这样疾病的家庭很有必要学习一下脑溢血的急救常识。
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什么是脑淤血
脑淤血(cerebralheamorrhage)是指非外伤性脑实质内出血，常形成大小不等的脑内血肿，主要发生于高血压和脑动脉硬化的病人，临床主要表现是卒中发作，出现头痛、呕吐、意识障碍、偏身瘫痪及(或)感觉障碍等，又称出血性脑卒中，是死亡率和致残率较高的一种常见病。
02
脑淤血的原因与诱因原因：脑子自发出血的原因，排在第一位的还是高血压脑出血，其次就是动脉瘤出血，还有就是动脉畸形出血，还有烟雾病、肿瘤、感染性疾病等原因，包括凝血的问题，这些疾病都会引起脑子自发性出血，也有继发的。这些出血，高血压脑出血最常见。
诱因：过冷过热等天气因素是脑溢血一个重要的诱因；其次个人的因素，情绪激动，劳累，饮酒，比如有的开心了，大量喝酒以后，再有就是打麻将，有时候打个好牌一激动，就有出现脑出血的可能。这些诱因有的都是可以预防的。
03
脑淤血的先兆表现
头晕、头痛，
走路不稳，排尿困难，
讲话含糊，讲不出来
04
脑淤血急救措施
1.家人要保持冷静的心态，不要慌乱阵脚，而不知道做什么。
2.尽量不要动病人，赶紧叫救护车。如果轻微出现医院。
3.降温处理，找一些冰袋敷在病人的头颈部位达到脑部温度的降低。
4.保证病人的呼吸道通畅：注意病人的衣领或者头部位的过紧，如果病人有空腔分泌物流出的话要及时清除赃物，保证呼吸通畅，如果呼吸微弱的情况下立即做人工呼吸。
5.病人在特殊场所如狭小的地方时，轻轻移到宽敞的地方，保证头部不要碰到，头部与身体平衡，使呼吸通畅。
6.如果有条件的可使用一点利血平治疗或硫酸镁注射肌肉，也可以在医生的监护下使用硝酸甘油等静脉降压药物。
对高龄者而言，脑溢血最可怕的地方，在其有致命的危险，要不然也是全身麻痹、半身不遂或持续昏睡。因脑中的小梗塞而造成痴呆症的也不在少数。虽然老年痴呆的原因不明，但脑溢血等血管疾病，引起脑中血液循环障碍可能是原因之一，因此预防脑溢血是很重要的。
05
预防脑溢血饮食注意事项：
1.以低盐、低脂、高蛋白、高纤维饮食为主。胡萝卜素、黑木耳、芹菜叶、牛奶、瘦肉可适量多吃。腌制品、蛋黄、动物内脏、鸡皮、海鲜等尽量少吃；每日盐摄入量不超6g（一平啤酒瓶盖的量）。
2.有原发病时，应注意特别的饮食禁忌。比如高血压患者，应少吃肉类及含盐量高的食物。高血糖患者，少吃水果，且每日碳水化合物摄入量不能超过g。高血脂患者，少吃动物内脏、奶酪。
来源：天使应急救护在线推荐阅读
加群：各种专科护理
